Sizing solution for use in dressing or stiffening warps in sheets cold



Patented Oct. 8, 1935 SIZING SOLUTION FOR USE IN DRESSING OR STIFFENING WARPS IN SHEETS COLD Murray N. Bulford, Warwick, It. I., assignor to B. B. & R. Knight Corporation, Providence, R. I., a corporation of Rhode Island No Drawing. Application May 13, 1929, Serial No. 362,849

4 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in slashing warps, particularly to slashing warps made up of cellulose textile materials. I employ the words cellulose textile materials to include cotton, or the type of rayons which contain substantially the same percentage of cellulose as cotton or a greater percentage of cellulose and which have substantially the same affinity for the same types of dye stuffs as cotton,

10 namely viscose rayon, cuprammonium rayon,

chardonet rayon, etc. entirely or mixed with cotton.

So far as I am aware, almostsince the time of first slashing cotton warps, i. e.: treating the 15 warp threads with a stilfening solution so that they will stand up under the wear of the shuttles passing back and forth between them during weaving, it has been the effort of many to satisfactorily slash warps cold or at normal tem- 2 peratures. As stated while others have attempted, I believe I am the first to achieve this long sought for result. In most cases, the slasher tank solution is normally prepared hot and in order to keep it hot, live steam has been 25 normally introduced into the sizing bath. This normally results in diluting the sizing solution so that the warp will not be sized with an even thickness of starch, gum or other sizing material employed and in order to keep up the size 30 solution to the desired degree of thickness it has been necessary to keep adding various amounts of starch or size to the sizing bath while it is being used, thus requiring additional labor and in addition in order that the size may become 35 thoroughly dissolved and then go evenly upon the warp threads that the sizing bath be kept up to the desired temperature. This also results in throwing away the entire unused size bath every night and making up an entirely new bath 40 the next morning so that the sizing bath may be of the desired heat and consistency thereby resulting in a large waste of material as well as of labor.

An object of my invention therefore is to 45 eliminate the labor attendant on keeping the live steam in the bath to keep the bath at the desired temperature, the cost of said live or indirect steam and the labor attendant on putting in more starch or gum to keep the sizing solu- 50 tion up to the desired consistency for optimum weaving qualities. An additional object of my invention is to permit the use of a sizing solution which may be kept cold or at the normal temperatures around the slasher; which is con- 55 tinuously of the desired consistency and which may be used again the next morning, thereby eliminating the waste heretofore referred to. In addition, hitherto in keeping the sizing bath to the desired consistency during weaving first inserting live steam to dilute the starch, then throwing in an unestimated amount of starch to keep the sizing bath of the desired strength for weaving qualities, the slasher tender has often put in more starch than necessary, which results in the starch dusting off during the weaving process and filling the weave shed with a fine dust disagreeable and injurious to the health of the weavers. By employing a cold slashing solution, I am enabled to keep the slashing solution continuously at the desired consistency so that the goods will stand up during the weaving process without putting on an excess amount which will dust off during the Weaving, thereby not only eliminating the waste of starch but also the objectionable dusting heretofore referred to. By also continuously having a substantially correct sizing solution, I am enabled to reduce the time necessary to keep the warp in the slashing solution to a minimum.

While my invention has the advantages here- 5 tofore referred to for merely slashing, it has also proved of great merit in making commercially practical the inventions described in John C. Watsons Patents Nos. 1,629,769, 1,629,770 and 1,757,066 in which the ingredients of the first step of a two step dyeing process are added to the size solution during the slashing process. Employing my invention therefore, it has become possible to employ a combined dyeing and slashing solution in which, as the slashing takes place cold an even penetration of the dyeing ingredients is permitted to take place. My invention consists of both a novel sizing solution and a, novel method which makes it possible to slash and if desired to simultaneously treat the warp with a dye ingredient and for this purpose I add to the usual sizing solution a penetrant and also preferably a solvent oil. So far as I am aware the use of a penetrant is novel in slashing solutions of this description and it permits not only I the size to penetrate the fibres while cold, but also permits-the dye ingredients employed to simultaneously penetrate the fibres in an even and uniform manner when the fabric is treated according to the method described in the Watson patents.

These and such other objects of my invention as may hereinafter appear will be best understood from a description of the following specific applications of my process.

As stated hitherto, my invention includes a solution for use in treating warps cold and the herein described method of treating the warp cold with the addition of a penetrant to the sizing solution and preferably also a solvent oil and if desired a stable dye ingredient such as an indigosol as described in Watson Patent 1,629,770, a naphthol as described in Watson Patent No. 1,629,769 or a vat dye stuff in reduced form. As the preferred embodiment of size, starch or gum, I preferably employ a thin soluble size such as British gum and I employ as a penetrant pine oil, preferably with the addition of a solvent, preferably a sulphonated oil added thereto. While any suitable types and desired amounts of pine oil and the desired sulphonated oil employed may be used I preferably first mix the size solution as follows: To 50 gals. of water I add 41 lbs. of thin soluble size such as British gum, 3 lbs. of nepoli gum or gum tragacanth and 2 lbs. of gum arabic, each of which acts in combination with the British gum to thicken it and increase its adhesive quality. To said mixture I add 15 lbs. of a mixture of solvent and pine oils made up as follows: To two parts of castor oil, I add two parts of oleic acid and mix thoroughly; add fifteen one-hundredths parts of sulphuric acid (conc.) slowly with constant agitation and with care that temperature does not rise above F.; agitate this mixture for nine hours; add five parts of water with constant stirring to temperature of 80 F.; allow this mixture to stand until oil and water have completely separated; draw off water; add one part oleic acid, raise temperature to F. and agitate for three hours; add five parts of water, raise temperature to F. and mix thoroughly for one hour; permit this emulsion to stand until oil and water have completely separated; run off water; and add one part of water and mix thoroughly. Add sufficient sodium hydroxide to completely neutralize residual mineral acid and partially neutralize the mixture of free ricinoleic and oleic acids; mix thoroughly; add four parts of pine oil with constant stirring; and add Water to desired concentration.

In practice the slasher tank itself contains 50 gallons, but in most cases there is a receiver and the size solution is circulated back and forth from the slasher tank to the receiver by means of a pump, the combined slasher tank, pump, receiver and connecting pipes containing normally 150 gallons or a solution made up of 3 batches of the amounts heretofore referred to which will give a size solution of about 12% with which it is possible to employ a desirable soft squeeze on the slasher rolls. To a 50 gallon size solution if it is desired to employ the method described in Watson application No. 1,629,769 5 to 15 lbs. of naphthol of the A. S. group are employed depending on the shade desired; if it desired to employ the method described in Watson Patent 1,269,770 1 to 15 lbs. of indigosol are added depending on the shade, or if desired to employ the method of dyeing a portion only of one of the component sets of threads, the desired amount of the dye ingredient indigosol or naphthol, etc. 1 to 15 lbs. depending on the shade is added to the 50 gal. solution.

If it is desired to employ the method of making the size bath a reducing bath, the cold dye vat dye stuff preferably in the form of 20% paste is suitably added in reduced form to the size, preferably to 3 gals. of water, 7 lbs. of 20% of the cold dyeing vat paste is employed. This is suitably reduced with 2 lbs. 76? Tw. caustic soda and 1 lb. of sodium hydrosulphite, is agitated 1 to 15 mins. at a temperature of 120 F. and added to the same 50 gal. size formula given above. After the size formula has been suitably mixed 8 lbs. more 76 Tw. caustic soda are added, the solution agitated and the 3 gal. of the dye solution just referred to are added and the warp is immediately run through the slasher. In order to keep the slasher bath in reduced form sufficient amounts of caustic soda and sodium hydrosulphite are added during the run.

It is thus obvious that I have provided a novel solution for use in sizing warps cold, which is particularly adapted due to the penetrating qualities of the penetrant employed for use in any of the processes heretofore referred to and Where a. dye or dye ingredient of any description is added to the slashing bath for any desired purpose.

I employ the phrase a size to include a size suitable for use in a slashing operation only, namely, a size suitable for stiffening warp threads prior to Weaving. I employ the phrase stable dye ingredient, or stabilized dye ingredient to include a dye ingredient which is stable, but which will not dye of itself without a later after treatment. I employ the Words a solvent oil to include an oil which makes an insoluble penetrant water soluble.

It is understood that my invention is not limited to the specific solutions or methods described and that various deviations may be made therefrom without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is;

1. A sizing solution for use in dressing or stiifening warps in sheets cold consisting substantially of 88% of water and 12% of a size solution made: up as follows per 50 gallons; 41 lbs. British gum, 3 lbs. nepoli gum, 2 lbs. gum arabic, 15 lbs. mixed sulphonated castor oil and pine oil diluted with water and 1-15 lbs. of a stable dye ingredient. V

2, A sizing solution for use in dressing or stiffening warps in sheets cold consisting substantially of 88% of water and 12% of a size solution made up as follows per 50 gallons; 41 lbs. British gum, 3 lbs. nepoli gum, 2 lbs. gum arabic, 15 lbs. mixed sulphonated castor oil and pine oil diluted with water.

3. A sizing solution for use in dressing or stiffening warps in sheetscold, consisting of a water solution of stiffening size, substantially 3% of pine oil solubilized with a sulphonated vegetable oil and a small proportion of a stable dye ingredient.

4. A sizing solution for use in dressing or stiffening warps in sheets cold, consisting of a water solution of stiffening size and substantially 3% of pine oil solubilized with a sulphonated vegetable oil.

MURRAY N. BULFORD. 

